• Grasp the history of Linux and identify various popular open-source operating systems.
• Understand major open-source applications and the significance of open-source licensing.
• Develop essential ICT skills for working in a Linux-based environment.
• Gain proficiency in using the command line interface (CLI) for navigating and manipulating the Linux filesystem.
• Learn to access and utilize built-in help systems and documentation for Linux commands.
• Master file management through the command line, including creation, moving, and deletion of files.
• Acquire skills in archiving, searching, and extracting data from files using command-line tools.
• Understand the process of scripting to automate tasks within the Linux command line.
• Attain knowledge of Linux operating system choices, computer hardware basics, data storage, and networking.
• Learn to manage basic security by handling users, groups, file permissions, and understanding special directories and files.

Topic 1: The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source

1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems

Description: Knowledge of Linux development and major distributions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Distributions
• Embedded Systems
• Linux in the Cloud

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• Debian, Ubuntu (LTS)
• CentOS, openSUSE, Red Hat, SUSE
• Linux Mint, Scientific Linux
• Raspberry Pi, Raspbian
• Android

1.2 Major Open Source Applications

Description: Awareness of major applications as well as their uses and development.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Desktop applications
• Server applications
• Development languages
• Package management tools and repositories

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox, GIMP
• Nextcloud, ownCloud
• Apache HTTPD, NGINX, MariaDB, MySQL, NFS, Samba
• C, Java, JavaScript, Perl, shell, Python, PHP
• dpkg, apt-get, rpm, yum

1.3 Open Source Software and Licensing

Description: Open communities and licensing Open Source Software for business.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Open source philosophy
• Open source licensing
• Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI)

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• Copyleft, Permissive
• GPL, BSD, Creative Commons
• Free Software, Open Source Software, FOSS, FLOSS
• Open source business models

1.4 ICT Skills and Working in Linux

Description: Basic Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills and working in Linux.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Desktop skills
• Getting to the command line
• Industry uses of Linux, cloud computing and virtualization

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• Using a browser, privacy concerns, configuration options, searching the web and saving content
• Terminal and console
• Password issues
• Privacy issues and tools
• Use of common open source applications in presentations and projects

Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System

2.1 Command Line Basics

Description: Basics of using the Linux command line.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Basic shell
• Command line syntax
• Variables
• Quoting

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• Bash
• echo
• history
• PATH environment variable
• export
• type

2.2 Using the Command Line to Get Help

Description: Running help commands and navigation of the various help systems.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Man pages
• Info pages

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• man
• info
• /usr/share/doc/
• locate

2.3 Using Directories and Listing Files

Description: Navigation of home and system directories and listing files in various locations.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Files, directories
• Hidden files and directories
• Home directories
• Absolute and relative paths

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• Common options for ls
• Recursive listings
• cd
• . and ..
• home and ~

2.4 Creating, Moving and Deleting Files

Description: Create, move and delete files and directories under the home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Files and directories
• Case sensitivity
• Simple globbing

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• mv, cp, rm, touch
• mkdir, rmdir

Topic 3: The Power of the Command Line

3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line

Description: Archiving files in the user home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Files, directories
• Archives, compression

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• tar
• Common tar options
• gzip, bzip2, xz
• zip, unzip

3.2 Searching and Extracting Data from Files

Description: Search and extract data from files in the home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Command line pipes
• I/O redirection
• Basic Regular Expressions using ., [ ], *, and ?

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• grep
• less
• cat, head, tail
• sort
• cut
• wc

3.3 Turning Commands into a Script

Description: Turning repetitive commands into simple scripts.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Basic shell scripting
• Awareness of common text editors (vi and nano)

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• #! (shebang)
• /bin/bash
• Variables
• Arguments
• for loops
• echo
• Exit status

Topic 4: The Linux Operating System

4.1 Choosing an Operating System

Description: Knowledge of major operating systems and Linux distributions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Differences between Windows, OS X and Linux
• Distribution life cycle management

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• GUI versus command line, desktop configuration
• Maintenance cycles, beta and stable

4.2 Understanding Computer Hardware

Description: Familiarity with the components that go into building desktop and server computers.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Hardware

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• Motherboards, processors, power supplies, optical drives, peripherals
• Hard drives, solid state disks and partitions, /dev/sd*
• Drivers

4.3 Where Data is Stored

Description: Where various types of information are stored on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Programs and configuration
• Processes
• Memory addresses
• System messaging
• Logging

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• ps, top, free
• syslog, dmesg
• /etc/, /var/log/
• /boot/, /proc/, /dev/, /sys/

4.4 Your Computer on the Network

Description: Querying vital networking configuration and determining the basic requirements for a
computer on a Local Area Network (LAN).

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Internet, network, routers
• Querying DNS client configuration
• Querying network configuration

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• route, ip route show
• ifconfig, ip addr show
• netstat, ss
• /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hosts
• IPv4, IPv6
• ping
• host

Topic 5: Security and File Permissions

5.1 Basic Security and Identifying User Types

Description: Various types of users on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Root and standard users
• System users

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group
• id, last, who, w
• sudo, su

5.2 Creating Users and Groups

Description: Creating users and groups on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• User and group commands
• User IDs

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group, /etc/skel/
• useradd, groupadd
• passwd

5.3 Managing File Permissions and Ownership

escription: Understanding and manipulating file permissions and ownership settings.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• File and directory permissions and ownership

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• ls -l, ls -a
• chmod, chown

5.4 Special Directories and Files

Description: Special directories and files on a Linux system including special permissions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Using temporary files and directories
• Symbolic links

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /tmp/, /var/tmp/ and Sticky Bit
• ls -d
• ln -s

• Entry-level IT professionals
• Computer Science students
• System administrators transitioning to Linux
• Technical support specialists
• Developers who require Linux basics
• Open-source enthusiasts

• Basic familiarity with operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows or macOS.
• Understanding of the basic concepts of files and processes.
• Some experience with using a keyboard and mouse to interact with a computer system.
• Willingness to learn and explore new software, especially from a command-line interface.
• No prior experience with Linux or command-line interface is required, but it can be helpful.